受験でよく出てくる英文法の項目について、以下にいくつかの重要なポイントをまとめました。これらの項目を理解し、しっかりと練習することで、試験で高得点を狙えます。
1. 時制 (Tenses)
- 現在形 (Present Simple): I play tennis.
- 過去形 (Past Simple): I played tennis.
- 未来形 (Future Simple): I will play tennis.
- 現在進行形 (Present Continuous): I am playing tennis.
- 過去進行形 (Past Continuous): I was playing tennis.
- 現在完了形 (Present Perfect): I have played tennis.
- 過去完了形 (Past Perfect): I had played tennis.
2. 助動詞 (Modal Verbs)
- can, could: 可能性や能力
- I can swim.
- Could you help me?
- will, would: 意志や仮定
- I will go to the park.
- Would you like some coffee?
- must, have to: 義務や必要
- You must wear a seatbelt.
- I have to finish my homework.
3. 比較級・最上級 (Comparatives and Superlatives)
- 比較級: taller, more interesting
- She is taller than her brother.
- This book is more interesting than that one.
- 最上級: tallest, most interesting
- He is the tallest in the class.
- This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
4. 受動態 (Passive Voice)
- 構造: be動詞 + 過去分詞
- The cake was eaten by the children.
- The project will be completed by next week.
5. 関係代名詞 (Relative Pronouns)
- who, whom, whose, which, that
- The man who is standing there is my uncle.
- This is the book that I bought yesterday.
6. 仮定法 (Subjunctive Mood)
- 仮定法過去: If I were rich, I would travel the world.
- 仮定法過去完了: If I had known, I would have helped you.
7. 不定詞・動名詞 (Infinitives and Gerunds)
- 不定詞 (to + 動詞の原形): to go, to eat
- I want to go home.
- She likes to eat sushi.
- 動名詞 (動詞の-ing形): going, eating
- I enjoy going to the beach.
- She loves eating sushi.
8. 前置詞 (Prepositions)
- 場所: in, on, at
- She is in the room.
- The book is on the table.
- We will meet at the station.
- 時間: in, on, at
- I will see you in the morning.
- My birthday is on Monday.
- The meeting starts at 3 PM.
9. 接続詞 (Conjunctions)
- and, but, or, so, because
- I like apples and oranges.
- He is smart but lazy.
- You can have tea or coffee.
- I was tired, so I went to bed early.
- She stayed home because she was sick.
10. 冠詞 (Articles)
- 定冠詞 (the): The cat is sleeping.
- 不定冠詞 (a, an): A cat is sleeping. An apple is on the table.
11. 間接話法 (Reported Speech)
- 直接話法から間接話法へ:
- She said, “I am happy.” → She said that she was happy.
- He asked, “Do you like music?” → He asked if I liked music.
12. 疑問文の作り方
- Yes/No疑問文: Do you like coffee? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
- Wh疑問文: What is your name? Where do you live?
13. 代名詞 (Pronouns)
- 主格: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- 所有格: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- 目的格: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
- 再帰代名詞: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
これらの文法項目をしっかりと理解し、練習することで、受験における英語の成績を向上させることができます。各項目について例文や練習問題を繰り返し解くことをおすすめします。
受験でよく出る英単語
受験でよく出る英単語を、カテゴリー別にまとめました。これらの単語は、高校入試や大学入試で頻繁に登場する重要な単語です。覚えておくと試験対策に役立ちます。
基本動詞
- accept (受け入れる)
- achieve (達成する)
- affect (影響を与える)
- allow (許可する)
- appear (現れる)
- apply (適用する、申し込む)
- avoid (避ける)
- believe (信じる)
- consider (考慮する)
- create (創造する)
- develop (発展させる)
- discover (発見する)
- expect (期待する)
- include (含む)
- increase (増加する)
- introduce (紹介する)
- mention (言及する)
- offer (提供する)
- produce (生産する)
- recognize (認識する)
名詞
- ability (能力)
- advantage (利点)
- advice (助言)
- agreement (合意)
- amount (量)
- attention (注意)
- behavior (行動)
- belief (信念)
- community (地域社会)
- comparison (比較)
- condition (状態)
- decision (決定)
- development (発展)
- difference (違い)
- effect (効果)
- experience (経験)
- information (情報)
- interest (興味)
- knowledge (知識)
- opportunity (機会)
形容詞
- available (利用可能な)
- aware (気づいている)
- common (共通の)
- current (現在の)
- difficult (難しい)
- efficient (効率的な)
- environmental (環境の)
- essential (必要不可欠な)
- financial (財政の)
- general (一般的な)
- important (重要な)
- individual (個々の)
- necessary (必要な)
- physical (身体の、物理的な)
- possible (可能な)
- recent (最近の)
- significant (重要な)
- similar (似ている)
- various (様々な)
- whole (全体の)
副詞
- actually (実際に)
- almost (ほとんど)
- always (いつも)
- certainly (確かに)
- especially (特に)
- exactly (正確に)
- frequently (頻繁に)
- generally (一般的に)
- immediately (すぐに)
- nearly (ほとんど)
- necessarily (必ずしも)
- particularly (特に)
- probably (おそらく)
- recently (最近)
- relatively (比較的)
- simply (単に)
- usually (通常)
- widely (広く)
- clearly (明確に)
- constantly (常に)
前置詞
- against (~に反対して)
- among (~の中で)
- despite (~にもかかわらず)
- during (~の間に)
- except (~を除いて)
- including (~を含む)
- throughout (~の至る所に)
- toward (~に向かって)
- within (~の中で)
- without (~なしで)
熟語
- as well as (~だけでなく)
- by means of (~によって)
- due to (~のために)
- in addition to (~に加えて)
- in case of (~の場合に)
- in favor of (~に賛成して)
- in spite of (~にもかかわらず)
- instead of (~の代わりに)
- on behalf of (~を代表して)
- regardless of (~にかかわらず)
これらの単語と表現は、受験でよく出題されるものです。リストを暗記し、実際の文脈で使用できるように練習すると、試験でのパフォーマンスが向上するでしょう。
受験でよく出てくる英文法の項目