1) 場所をあらわすことば🗺️
in / on / at のちがい(超基本)
- in:中(はこ・部屋・町の中)
The cat is in the box.(ねこは箱の中) - on:上に接して(机の上・壁に)
The book is on the desk.(本は机の上) - at:点(場所の一点・建物)
I’m at school.(私は学校にいる)
そのほかの場所
- under(下):The ball is under the chair.
- next to(となり):I sit next to Ken.
- in front of(前):The bus stop is in front of the school.
- behind(うしろ):The park is behind my house.
- between A and B(AとBの間):The shop is between the bank and the post office.
- near(近く):I live near the station.
- above / below(上/下:ふれていない)
- across(横切って):Walk across the street.
- through(中を通って):Go through the gate.
- into / out of(中へ/外へ):Go into the room. / Get out of the car.
2) 時間をあらわすことば🕒
at / on / in の基本(これだけ覚えよう)
- at + 時刻:at 7 o’clock, at noon, at night
- on + 曜日・日付:on Monday, on July 5th
- in + 月・年・季節・午前/午後:in July, in 2025, in spring, in the morning
期間など
- for + 期間(〜の間ずっと):I studied for two hours.
- since + はじまり(〜から今まで):I’ve lived here since 2020.
- during + 名詞(〜のあいだ):during the class(授業中)
- before / after(前/あと):before dinner / after school
3) 方向・理由・道具など🚶♀️🎁🚌
- to(〜へ):Go to school.
- from(〜から):Come from Tokyo.
- for(〜のため・あて先):A gift for you.(あなたのためのプレゼント)
- about(〜について):a book about animals
- with(いっしょ・道具):Cut with scissors.
- by(〜で〈交通手段〉/〜によって):go by bus / made by Mom
- of(〜の):the color of the sky
4) 前置詞+ing(セットで覚える)🧠
前置詞のあとに 〜ing が来ることが多いよ。
- after ~ing:After eating, we played.
- before ~ing:Before going home, buy milk.
- without ~ing:Go out without taking the umbrella.
- by ~ing:We learn by doing.
- look forward to ~ing:I look forward to seeing you.
※ここは to のあとも ing(不定詞の to とはべつもの!)
5) ミニ練習✍️
- The cat is ___ the table.(机の上)
- I get up ___ 6 o’clock.(6時に)
- We have a test ___ Friday.(金曜に)
- I go ___ school ___ bus.(学校へ/バスで)
- He lives ___ the station.(駅の近く)
- After ___ (eat), we study.(食べたあと)
こたえ
- on 2) at 3) on 4) to, by 5) near 6) eating
6) チェックリスト✅(ここだけでOK)
- 前置詞のあとは 名詞 or 〜ing
- 場所:in(中)/ on(上に接)/ at(点)
- 時間:at(時刻)/ on(曜日・日付)/ in(⽉・年・季節・午前午後)
- 方向:to(〜へ)/ from(〜から)
- 道具:with(〜で)/ 交通:by(〜で)
- セット:after/before/without/by + 〜ing, look forward to + 〜ing